Ernesto Köhler
: Russia
Life Span: 1849–1907
Primary Roles: Flutist, Composer, Pedagogue, Author (Treatise)
Specializations: Performance Practice, Classical Virtuosity, Court Music, Chamber Music, Repertoire Development
Associated Institutions / Courts: Russian Imperial Court
Cesare Ciardi
: Russia
Life Span: 1818–1877
Primary Roles: Flutist, Composer, Pedagogue, Court Musician, Author (Treatise)
Specializations: Performance Practice, Classical Virtuosity, Court Music, Chamber Music, Repertoire Development
Associated Institutions / Courts: Russian Imperial Court
Louis Dorus
: France
Life Span: 1812–1896
Primary Roles: Flutist, Pedagogue, Innovator / Reformer
Specializations: Classical Virtuosity, French Flute School
Associated Institutions / Courts: Paris Conservatoire